The reading room
One hundred existing records on tools, artists, research and policy. Preserved from the September 2026 research edition; historical context is not a current policy guarantee.
100 pieces
History / Archive
The MIDI Association's own specification pages date and describe the shared message format that made instruments from competing makers interoperable.
3 min read 1983 record · prepared 16 September 2026History / Archive
US patent 5,973,252 documents the pitch-correction method behind Auto-Tune, traced by its maker to geophysical signal analysis.
3 min read 27 October 1997 event · prepared 16 September 2026History / Archive
Crypton Future Media's own materials date Hatsune Miku's release and show the character and voice rights were licensed in separate stages.
3 min read 31 August 2007 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
A YouTube retrospective and current help pages date the fingerprint system's start and describe what a match can and cannot decide.
3 min read 2007 record · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Celemony's own 2008 announcement and 2009 rollout timeline document how Direct Note Access made polyphonic audio editable note by note.
3 min read 2008 record · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
The company's own pages date its automated mastering launch and describe the analysis it says it runs on every uploaded track.
3 min read 2014 record · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Spotify's 2015 launch announcement and its follow-up usage data describe how the weekly playlist blends personal and collective listening signals.
3 min read 20 July 2015 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
Google's Magenta team published the NSynth paper, dataset and code together, letting musicians inspect and rebuild the instrument.
3 min read 6 April 2017 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
DeepMind's paper and blog post describe a model predicting each audio sample from prior ones, applied first to speech and then to music.
3 min read 8 September 2016 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
Sony CSL's own archive records that Flow Machines generated the composition and a named musician arranged and produced the final track.
3 min read September 2016 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
OpenAI's two music systems show a research trajectory from MIDI notes to raw audio, released with unusually candid limitations.
3 min read 30 April 2020 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
Riffusion repurposed Stable Diffusion to paint spectrograms, showing image diffusion could generate usable audio.
3 min read 15 December 2022 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
Google's text-to-music paper reported a duplication test and withheld the model for over three months.
3 min read 26 January 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
AudioCraft released MusicGen's weights and code but split their licences, and named its training data source.
3 min read 2 August 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
Stability AI's two audio models used different training-data bases and different commercial-use ceilings.
3 min read 13 September 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Suno's web app reached the public in December 2023 and its terms still split output rights by subscription tier.
3 min read December 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Udio's 2024 launch reporting left training data unconfirmed; its own 2025 statement addresses only output filtering.
3 min read 10 April 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
ElevenLabs launched a music model with broad commercial claims, then disclosed pass-through fees to unnamed rights holders.
3 min read 5 August 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
YouTube and DeepMind's Lyria experiment paired opt-in artist consent with SynthID watermarking on every clip.
3 min read 16 November 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
Spleeter and Demucs put studio-grade separation on any laptop, with Spleeter's own docs warning it is not a licence.
3 min read 28 October 2019 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
Holly+, launched in 2021, turns audio into Holly Herndon's voice under a governance model her own studio describes but does not itemise.
3 min read July 2021 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
Elf.tech's own 2023 terms set an equal royalty share and an approval step for releasing music with Grimes's AI voiceprint.
3 min read April 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
The ELVIS Act, signed March 2024 and effective 1 July 2024, added voice to Tennessee's right-of-publicity statute and reaches cloning tools.
3 min read 21 March 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Kits AI and Voice-Swap market artist-approved voice libraries, but their own terms put the consent burden for uploaded voices on the user.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
The RVC voice-conversion project is MIT-licensed, and its own disclaimer puts all legal responsibility for cloned voices on the user.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
Warner Music Nashville used a reference vocal and AI modelling to let Randy Travis release new vocals after aphasia silenced him.
3 min read 3 May 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
Apple Corps says machine-learning source separation freed John Lennon's 1970s vocal from his piano so The Beatles could finish the song.
3 min read 2 November 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
The NO FAKES Act, introduced in 2024 and reintroduced in 2025, remains pending in committee and has not become law as of this record.
3 min read 31 July 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
YouTube opened likeness detection to Partner Program creators in September 2025, modelled on Content ID but limited to detection.
3 min read 16 September 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
Part 2 of the Office's AI report finds prompting insufficient for authorship, with consequences for songs built on generated parts.
3 min read 29 January 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
The complaints allege mass copying of recordings to train two generators; both cases outlasted two later label settlements.
3 min read 24 June 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
UMG's announcement and Udio's own notice describe a 2026 licensed platform, download restrictions, and undisclosed settlement terms.
3 min read 29 October 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
The companies' own announcements describe a settlement, opt-in artist terms and 2026 licensed models, with feature details still pending.
3 min read 25 November 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
The D.C. Circuit affirmed the Copyright Act requires a human author, leaving open how much AI a human-authored track may contain.
3 min read 18 March 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
Article 53 obligations took effect in August 2025, requiring training-content summaries and honouring artists' rights reservations.
3 min read 2 August 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
Munich's Regional Court found OpenAI liable for reproducing GEMA lyrics; OpenAI has appealed, and a Suno ruling followed in 2026.
3 min read 11 November 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
Sony Music's May 2024 declaration reserves its catalogue from AI training under the EU's machine-readable opt-out mechanism.
3 min read 16 May 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
More than 40 organisations signed the Human Artistry Campaign's principles requiring consent and licensing for AI training.
3 min read 16 March 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
Fairly Trained's Licensed Model certification checks four criteria and has certified a dozen music-related companies since January 2024.
3 min read 17 January 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Trade reporting and Spotify's own policy show a 2023 Boomy takedown targeted artificial streaming, not the fact that Boomy's music was AI-generated.
3 min read 1 May 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Spotify's 25 September 2025 announcement documents impersonation, spam-filter and AI-credit policies, without a ban on AI-made music itself.
3 min read 25 September 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Deezer's own announcements document a detection tool, a June 2025 tagging system, and the rising delivery share it says the tool measures.
3 min read 20 June 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Spotify's own announcement documents an AI-disclosure credit standard developed through DDEX, delivered by distributors rather than typed by a listener.
3 min read 25 September 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
Billboard's reporting documents how an AI-generated band gained streams and press attention weeks before a disputed on-record confirmation.
3 min read June 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
IFPI's 2024 report documents 10.2% revenue growth in 2023 and names generative AI as a risk fans and the industry want managed responsibly.
3 min read 21 March 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Spotify's Loud and Clear site documents how it defines payouts, the context it supplies, and what a maker should verify before citing its numbers.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Spotify's own documents show a track needs 1,000 annual streams and a minimum listener count to earn recorded royalties, effective since April 2024.
3 min read 21 November 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
YouTube's blog and help centre document a disclosure requirement for realistic AI content, explicitly listing AI-generated music among it.
3 min read 18 March 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Bandcamp's terms bar training on artists' music without permission, and reported January 2026 statements bar selling substantially AI-made music.
3 min read 14 January 2026 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Apple's announcement and documentation describe bass and keyboard players that follow a chord track, plus a device-side stem splitter.
3 min read 7 May 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
iZotope's current documentation dates Master Assistant to 2017 and describes what it proposes and what stays adjustable.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Ableton's release notes describe MIDI Transformations, Generators and a neural-network Similarity Search shipped with Live 12.
3 min read March 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Moises documents licensed training data and puts the burden of clearing a cover's underlying song on the user.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Splice's terms of use grant a broad usage licence while withholding ownership of the underlying sounds.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Aiva's legal terms make copyright ownership and monetisation of a generated track depend on which paid plan made it.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Both services licence generated tracks for use inside your own project, with distribution and ownership handled differently.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
LALAL.AI's terms make users solely responsible for the rights in whatever audio they separate or edit.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
Suno's terms assign output ownership on paid tiers but warn that no copyright is guaranteed to exist in it at all.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
The band's own DFA notes and Bandcamp page describe building an AI process, then choosing which fragments became songs.
3 min read 30 August 2019 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
The artist's own site credits Amper, Watson Beat, AIVA and NSynth track by track for the 2018 album I AM AI.
3 min read September 2018 event · prepared 16 September 2026History / Archive
Cope's own archived pages describe starting Experiments in Musical Intelligence in 1981 and its successor, Emily Howell.
3 min read 1981 record · prepared 16 September 2026History / Archive
Melomics' own pages date the 2011 chamber premiere and the 2012 London Symphony Orchestra recording of computer-composed scores.
3 min read 13 April 2012 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
The artist's Bandcamp notes and studio page describe training the Spawn model live with volunteer singers rather than existing recordings.
3 min read 10 May 2019 event · prepared 16 September 2026History / Archive
A 1996 talk transcript and Eno's own 2017 app notes define generative music as rules set in motion, not a fixed recording.
3 min read 8 June 1996 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
The campaign's own FAQ says an AI algorithm learned from 27 Club musicians' catalogues, while disclaiming estate endorsement.
3 min read April 2021 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
WMG and Suno's own statements describe a litigation settlement and an opt-in framework, without yet naming a participating artist.
3 min read 25 November 2025 event · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
Crypton's own licence and concert pages describe a dual-licence system that has let fans write Hatsune Miku's catalogue since 2007.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
C2PA's specification proves a manifest is untampered, not that a track is human-made or licensed.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
SynthID embeds an inaudible mark in Lyria output; the documents scope its robustness and its limits.
3 min read 16 November 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Audible Magic and Content ID documentation describe matching acoustic fingerprints, not judging style or originality.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Ircam Amplify's AIMD product page states an accuracy figure with no published method or independent audit.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
MIREX's own 2026 call for proposals says generative-model evaluation is a gap, not a solved comparison.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
MUSDB18 and the SDR metric let separation systems be ranked by decibels, which the campaign's own paper says diverges from listening preference.
3 min read 17 December 2017 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
The Frechet Audio Distance paper reports a 0.52 correlation with human ratings, calling it better than SDR, not a proxy for listening.
3 min read 17 January 2019 event · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
EnCodec compresses audio into discrete codes that generators like MusicGen predict, so the codec's decoder shapes the final sound.
3 min read 24 October 2022 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
Spotify's -14 LUFS policy uses the ITU's BS.1770 algorithm, but the standard sets no target level itself.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
MusicBrainz stores CC0-licensed, volunteer-edited relationships, which helps disputed credits but is not a verified registry.
3 min read 17 July 2000 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Suno's own fundraising post and the RIAA's infringement complaint show a valuation and a legal filing measure different things entirely.
3 min read 21 May 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
The company's own pages describe a direct-licensing subscription model that clears rights before a track is ever streamed.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
UMG's own open letter and the joint press release with TikTok show what was disputed and what the new deal changed.
3 min read 30 January 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
The Music Modernization Act and the Mechanical Licensing Collective's own site explain the blanket mechanical licence a generated song still needs.
3 min read 1 January 2021 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
RIAA's own year-end statistics show streaming's share, the paid-subscription split, and what physical formats still earn.
3 min read 26 March 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
The companies' joint announcement redefines which streams count as royalty-worthy, and by how much.
3 min read 6 September 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
The docs and the Music Terms show buyers get a tiered usage licence while ElevenLabs disclaims exclusivity of the output.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
ASCAP's own licensing page states sync rights are licensed separately by writers or publishers, not by the society.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
The distributor's own Terms of Service set a training-data-licensing test that decides whether generated music can go to stores.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
The Office’s Part 2 report and two generators’ own documentation show why a prompt describes an idea but does not direct its expression.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Suno’s own description of regenerated stems and Apple’s documentation of session-track export show why the two need different handling.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
iZotope’s and LANDR’s own descriptions of reference matching, read against Spotify’s loudness target, show where the tool’s job ends.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
Stable Audio Open and MusicGen name different amounts about their training data, against what the EU’s new code asks providers to describe.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
DDEX confirms a metadata standard for AI disclosure is still in development, while Spotify and YouTube already run their own separate labels.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
Tennessee’s ELVIS Act and two platforms’ own terms show what a written consent for a cloned voice needs to state.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
A sampling ruling and the Copyright Office’s separate work on digital replicas show why a cleared sample and a generated sound-alike differ.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Models & research / Archive
ITU-R’s MUSHRA recommendation gives a small studio a tested method for comparing generated and human tracks without fooling itself.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
Copyright Office registration guidance, a distributor’s new GenAI framework and Spotify’s disclosure policy set three separate gates.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Soundraw’s and Beatoven’s own licences show a generated temp cue can breach terms before a composer delivers the real one.
3 min read Practice record — prepared 16 September 2026Rights & policy / Archive
SAG-AFTRA and the major labels reached a 2024 sound-recordings agreement requiring consent and minimum pay before an AI voice replica ships.
3 min read 12 April 2024 event · prepared 16 September 2026Tools / Archive
Mubert's render pricing ties commercial use, sub-licensing and streaming release to specific paid tiers.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Artists & releases / Archive
The Recording Academy's own interview and current rulebook require meaningful human authorship before AI-assisted work can win.
3 min read 17 June 2023 event · prepared 16 September 2026Platforms & listening / Archive
The distributor's own help centre states what counts as AI, what must be disclosed, and what still gets a release rejected.
3 min read Practice record · prepared 16 September 2026Try a broader term or reset the filters. Search matches titles, summaries and topics—not full article text.
